An artist's impression of VASIMR - a rocket that may cut down the travel time to Mars to just 39 days.
Credit: NASA
WASHINGTON: A journey from Earth to Mars could eventually take just 39 days - cutting current travel time nearly six times - according to a rocket scientist who has the ear of U.S. space agency NASA.
Franklin Chang-Diaz, a former astronaut and a physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Boston, says reaching the Red Planet could be dramatically quicker using his high-tech VASIMR rocket, now on track for liftoff after decades of development.
The Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket - to give its full name - is quick becoming a centrepiece of NASA's future strategy as it looks to private firms to help meet the astronomical costs of space exploration.
Private companies building rockets
NASA, still reeling from a political decision to cancel its Constellation program that would have returned a human to the Moon by the end of the decade, has called on firms to provide new technology to power rovers or even future manned missions.
Hopes are now pinned on firms such as Chang-Diaz's Texas-based Ad Astra Rocket Company.
"In the early days ... NASA support for the project was rather minimal because the agency did not emphasize advanced technologies as much as it's doing now," Chang-Diaz said.
Rocket technology has been lagging
NASA was focused instead on the series of Apollo missions that delivered men to the moon for the first, and so far last, times.
"They were mesmerised by the Apollo days and lived in the Apollo era for 40 years, and they just forgot [about] developing something new," he said.
Chang-Diaz, 60, hopes that "something" is a non-chemical rocket that eventually allow for a manned trip to Mars - long the Holy Grail for Apollonians.
Plasma gas gives acceleration
His rocket would use electricity to transform a fuel - likely hydrogen, helium or deuterium - into plasma gas, a hot gas made up of ions, that is heated to 11 million degrees Celsius. The plasma gas is then channelled into tailpipes using magnetic fields to propel the spacecraft.
That would send a shuttle-type vehicle hurtling toward the Moon or Mars at ever-faster speeds - up to an estimated 55 km per second - until the engines are reversed.
Chang-Diaz, a veteran of seven space missions, said this rapid acceleration could allow for trips of just 39 days instead of the current anticipated round trip voyage to Mars that would last three years, including a forced stay of 18 months on the Red Planet, as astronauts await an opening to return to Earth.
The distance between the Earth and Mars varies between 55 million and 400 million kilometres, depending on their points of orbit.
And the use of ionised fuel could have the extra benefit of helping create a magnetic field around the spacecraft to protect against radiation.
Scaled-down models of the VASIMR craft have been built and tested in a vacuum, under a deal with NASA.
Orbital deployment in 2013
The next major step, according to Chang-Diaz, will be orbital deployment at the end of 2013 of a vessel using the 200-kilowatt prototype VASIMR engine, the VX-200.
Talks are underway with fellow space firms SpaceX and Orbital Science Corp to make that a reality.
Despite the hurdles ahead, Chang-Diaz sees the potential for a vast market for his technology - maintaining and repairing fixing satellites or launching robotic and commercial missions to Mars.
His rocket may just launch NASA's brave new, commercial, world of space exploration.
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