Dark matter makes up the bulk of the universe's material and is distributed as a network of gigantic dense (white) and empty (dark) regions, where the largest white regions are about the size of several Earth moons on the sky.
Credit: Van Waerbeke, Heymans, CFHTLenS Collaboration
WASHINGTON: The largest map of dark matter ever observed in the universe has been created by astronomers using data from potent telescopes that scanned 10 million galaxies.
Dark matter is a mysterious substance believed to make up about a quarter of the universe, but its nature is a puzzle because it can be detected only indirectly through the gravitational pull it exerts on visible matter. To make the new dark matter map, astronomers studied how light emitted from galaxies is distorted as it passes by big clumps of dark matter in its travel toward Earth.
The result is an "intricate cosmic web of dark matter and galaxies that spans more than one billion light years", said the findings by astronomers at the University of British Columbia and University of Edinburgh.
"It is fascinating to be able to 'see' the dark matter using space-time distortion," said Ludovic Van Waerbeke of UBC who worked on the project, known as the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS). "It gives us privileged access to this mysterious mass in the universe which cannot be observed otherwise."
Mapping dark matter
It looks like "a network of gigantic dense (white) and empty (dark) regions, where the largest white regions are about the size of several Earth moons on the sky," said the researchers, whose findings were presented at the annual meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Austin, Texas yesterday.
The data came from the five years of images filmed as part of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, taken from a wide field imaging camera on a massive telescope in Hawaii. It included galaxies that were typically about six billion light years away, and captured light that was emitted when the universe was six billion years old, or about half its current age today.
"By analysing light from the distant universe, we can learn about what it has travelled through on its journey to reach us," said Catherine Heymans, a lecturer in the University of Edinburgh's School of Physics and Astronomy. "We hope that by mapping more dark matter than has been studied before, we are a step closer to understanding this material and its relationship with the galaxies in our universe."
Previous attempts to map dark matter have largely relied on computer simulations. Astronomers involved with the project said over the next three years they intend to image more than 10 times the area just mapped.
