A new orphan called Lomela at Lola ya Bonobo Sanctuary is comforted by another bonobo.
Credit: wikimedia
SYDNEY: Unlike their more selfish chimpanzee cousins, bonobos live in a "Peter Pan world" in which they never lose the capacity to share with their friends, a study has found.
Researchers at Duke University in North Carolina and Harvard University in Massachusetts believe the behavioural difference between our two closest living relatives could results from their different habitats and lifestyles.
Bonobos (Pan paniscus) only live in the abundant tropical rainforest forests south of the Congo River and therefore, unlike chimpanzees, do not have to share food with gorillas - or each other - in order to survive.
Evolution makes changes in behaviour
"Not many people have investigated the possibility that evolution can make changes in behavioral and cognitive [development], and that these changes can account for species differences among adults," said Victoria Wobber, evolutionary biologist at Harvard, and a lead author of the study which appeared in the U.S journal Current Biology.
"Here we found that differences in social behavior and cognition among adult bonobos and chimpanzees did derive from the evolution of development. This suggests that similar mechanisms of change may have been at work among apes and potentially in human evolution as well," she said.
In one experiment, researchers gave bonobos the opportunity to keep a pile of food to themselves while a fellow bonobo watched from behind a closed gate. The results were universal - the bonobo always preferred to open the gate to share with its friend.
"They never grow up"
"A chimp would never voluntarily do that," said Brian Hare, an evolutionary anthropologist at Duke University, who participated in the study. "Chimps will do things to help one another, but the one thing they will not do is share food."
Bonobos seem to be living in "a sort of Peter Pan world", according to Hare. "They never grow up, and they share," he said.
Another experiment tested the abilities of the apes to beg for food from humans. In one test two out of three humans held food. The apes were encouraged to touch the hands of the humans with food in order to receive the treat.

Sure! They're Just Like Hippies!
Except when they eat their own. See: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20095024
Bonobos Largely Are Like the Hippie Ideal, Nevertheless
The observation you are referring to of a group of bonobos eating a deceased infant bonobo, taken from the mourning mother of the infant who had been carrying its dead body, and at the time of its cannibalization, a decaying body, for days, was an apparently unique, or rare, or, for sure, most uncommon, event in the context of the long history of observations by human researchers of bonobos in the wild and captivity. The cannibalization was initiated by another female bonobo, who, after having eaten some of the dead infant first, passed the corpse around to the other bonobos, including the mother, to share in the cannibalization (which they all did). Another single event of this kind for gorillas was indicated in the feces of two gorillas, which are vegetarians virtually exclusively. Only orangutans are known to occasionally engage in dead infant cannibalism. We must consider that there may be atypical individuals in any species whose cognition and behavior may vary strikingly from the standard or typical cognitive and behavioral patterns of nearly the whole of their species, just as is the case with humans. A dominant individual, especially a respected and/or formidable individual, engaging in such behavior may make it a momentary or newly adopted behavioral pattern in a social setting or community. There were the instances on the east coast of the U.S of police officers and later military officers having booked hotels for festivities and who ate and drank alcohol to excess and reveled and rampaged in the hotels, damaging hotel fixtures, and assaulting hotel customers and fondling women in the hotels for fun -- this is not normal or typical group police or military officer conduct on or off duty, although there are instances of rare groups of police officers having done other wrongful things in and to the public. If high ranking individuals in these situations initiate or sanction such conduct, subordinates and subordinate peers may be susceptible to join in. With respect to this anomalous bonobo cannibal behavior, the leader may have been similar to what might be diagnosed to be a psychopathic schizophrenic in human society. In addition or alternatively, bonobos may at some point following a death such as this, come to regard the corpse as no longer a bonobo, especially if the corpse is deteriorated or decomposed, and accept it as food or consume it as part of a religious ritual at such point. Nevertheless, science does not generalize the exception to be the norm or rule in characterizing a species or the typical behavior of the species, and, in light of the occurrence of the exception, does not disregard or marginalize the general state of affairs.