Galaxy birth: The UV vision of NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer reveals, for the first time, dwarf galaxies (circled) forming out of nothing more than pristine gas leftover (hydrogen, in blue) from the early universe. Dwarf galaxies are relatively small collections of stars that often orbit around larger galaxies like our Milky Way.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/DSS
BRISBANE: Experts thought that dark matter was a prerequisite for the birth of galaxies. But a new study of dwarf galaxies, which are forming from remnants of the universe's primordial gases, is turning that idea on its head.
These dwarf galaxies – which are relatively small, each containing only a few billion stars – are forming in a ring-shaped cloud of helium and hydrogen in the constellation Leo, according to a report in the British journal Nature this week.
Dominated by dark matter
The cloud, discovered 25 years ago, appears to lack dark matter, which was initially perplexing for astronomers. "Almost all other galaxies we know are dominated by dark matter," said lead author David Thilker.
In most galaxies, it is thought that invisible dark matter acted as a gravitational seed that attracted visible matter like stars, gas and dust, said Thilker, an astronomer at John Hopkins University in Baltimore, USA.
The only known exceptions were 'tidal dwarf galaxies', formed when two large galaxies collided and the stresses of the encounter dragged some matter away from their parents into new galactic offspring. These galaxies are enriched with metals from their parents, which were themselves formed with dark matter.
However, the newly analysed dwarf galaxies, appear to have neither the metal signature nor dark matter, leading researchers to conclude that there is a third, previously-undiscovered method of galaxy formation.
Amazing discoveries
The new galaxies were discovered with NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer spacecraft (GALEX), which is extremely sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light and spotted the distinctive UV signature of massive, short-lived stars within in gaseous clumps in the ring.
"GALEX has consistently surprised us with its UV view of the universe," said Thilker. "I suspect there will be more amazing discoveries to come." The next step is a series of even more sensitive observations of the gaseous ring to find out just how the new galaxies are forming, he said.
One hypothesis is that the gravitational influence of a nearby galaxy, M96, might be the catalyst for the new galaxies, but no-one is yet sure, added Thilker.
Galaxies form out of thin air
If Orbitally Rearranged Atoms; aka. High Spin Atoms/Ormes exist (but they have not been studied by official scientists therefore cannot exist because they were not the ones who found them ). They would constitute a new state of matter.
If as has been posited they may be able to reside/hide in molecules then the dark matter may be right under everyones noses.
The only ones found so far belong to the Platinum Gold group i.e. the heavy ones.
Why did the Unified theory remain unresolved? If Einstein et al had been aware of this new type of atom would we be living in a very different world?
If all that has been claimed is true then energy transmission and transport do not have to destroy us.
Unfortunately, as the patents for isolating them do not belong to the Academic Scientific Community, we will continue in the dark. Which is a sad thing because re-writing the table of elements would keep a huge number of Universities busy for many years. Even the very possibility that matter could have a fourth state should be a new frontier with Universities clamoring for a chance to study it. But no it wasn't "one of us" who found it so it is impossible.
Education is useless if those we have educated refuse to grow up and continue to play power games and squabble over status and tenure like spoilt children.
No Dark Matter required?
Does this overturn the tables in the halls of science (just a little; again)? No Dark Matter required, eh?
Formed along filaments of intergalactic plasma? Say it ain't so!
(Evolution of the Plasma Universe: II. The Formation of Systems of Galaxies)
http://public.lanl.gov/alp/plasma/downloadsCosmo/Peratt86TPS-II.pdf
Read it, learn it, love it. No Dark Matter required, just different foundational assumptions. Zwicky, Rubin, et al falsified the gravitational model of galaxy behavior / motion. But rather than letting the model be falsified, they invented unseen, untested hypotheticals that did NOT proceed from any known particle or laws of physics.
Let gravitation-only cosmology die, if its models are falsified. Try taking the plasma cosmology route... Be daring!
~Michael
Is anyone aware of studies involving networking?
Has anyone seen any studies involving networking and hubs that attempt to view the universe and galactic structure based on networking law? IE, the similarities between brain neural structure and galactic structure?